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司徒医生,俄勒冈/加州
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司徒医生手记:为什么病人腰痛,医生头痛

(2026-04-14 00:24:45) 下一个

《司徒医生手记》:为什么病人腰痛,医生头痛

在门诊,经常有人问,医生,我为什么会腰痛。

我通常的回答是:我这个办公室里的人,几乎都有腰痛。

是的,很常见。

大约60%到80%的人,都会经历过腰痛。在任何一个时间点,10%到20%的人,正在腰痛。

为什么人类特别容易腰痛。

简单地说,我们是站着走路的动物,但脊柱其实还没有完全适应这个负担。

腰部每天要做三件事:支撑上半身重量,参与走路弯腰转身,维持身体平衡。

所以只要哪里有一点点问题,身体很容易把压力甩到腰上。

大多数腰痛,其实不是神经问题。大多数腰痛,痛源于肌肉和结构的不平衡。

久坐,姿势不好,核心力量弱,腰部受力不均,就开始慢性疼痛。

腰不是孤立的,它是整个运动系统的一部分,从足到踝,到膝,到髋,再到腰。任何一个地方出问题,比如膝盖痛,髋关节僵硬,步态改变,两侧受力不均,最后都可能表现成腰痛。

那真正的神经性腰痛是什么。

神经内科最常见的是坐骨神经痛。

特点很典型,从腰开始,向臀部,大腿,小腿放射,多为一侧,同时伴有麻木或者电击样的感觉。

常见原因是椎间盘突出,或者神经根受到刺激,不一定是完全压迫。

一个让人头痛的事实:影像不等于症状。

很多人做了MRI,就以为找到了答案。但现实是,影像看起来很严重的人不一定有痛,影像看起来没什么问题的人却可以很痛。

影像只是参考,不等于痛的病因,这也是腰痛最让医生头疼的地方之一。

为什么医生常常建议先保守治疗。

因为大多数腰痛,会在几周之内自行改善。

治疗的顺序通常是这样的。

第一步,物理治疗,也就是理疗,这是最重要的一步。核心肌群训练,姿势矫正,恢复活动,还有走路方式的调整。有些人配合针灸,也会有帮助。

如果效果不好,再考虑下一步。

第二步,局部注射,比如在影像引导下做类固醇注射或者神经阻滞。

第三步,射频消融,对一些小关节引起的疼痛效果不错。

什么时候才考虑手术。

需要比较明确的几个条件,有神经压迫,有对应的肌肉无力或者功能下降,影像检查结果支持,而且保守治疗无效。

即便如此,大约还有40%到50%的病人,手术后仍然有疼痛。因为手术解决的是神经压迫,但疼痛的来源往往不止一个。

那到底该看哪个科。

这在现实中非常常见。很多人到处打电话,从家庭医生开始,再被建议去专科,结果越问越乱。

我的建议是这样。

第一步,先看家庭医生。这是正确的起点。因为很大一部分腰痛,会在一个月内自然改善,不需要一开始就进入专科系统。

如果持续不改善,再往下分。

如果有明显的放射痛,麻木,或者无力,可以考虑神经内科/神经外科。神经外科的优势是判断手术的可行性,神经内科通常使用肌电图和神经传导来做准确神经定位。

如果更偏向骨和软组织结构或者关节问题,可以看骨科或者疼痛科,比如小关节的问题,退变性改变,或者需要做注射治疗的情况。

但很多时候,关键的还是理疗。理疗重点: 放松肌肉(热敷、按摩);改善姿势;核心肌群平衡训练。

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evac 回复 悄悄话 扭腰。两腿分别往外开,腰背后扭,大跨步走路。走时能感觉到腰部的疼,和臀部两侧的疼,多走,坚持锻炼半年会有好转。拉伸背部。其实就是要锻炼。每天早晚各两次,每次至少半小时。
Kwseeto 回复 悄悄话 SeetoMD Notes: Why Patients Have Back Pain—and Doctors Have Headaches

In clinic, patients often ask me, “Doctor, why do I have back pain?”

My usual answer: almost everyone in my office has it too.

Yes,very common.

About 60–80% of people will experience low back pain at some point in their lives. At any given time, about 10–20% are having it.

Why are humans so prone to back pain?

Simple: we are upright walkers, but our spine is not perfectly adapted to this task.

The lower back has three main jobs:
support the upper body,
allow movement (walking, bending, turning), and maintain balance.

So when anything is slightly off, the body tends to “dump” stress onto the lower back.

Most back pain is not neurological. It usually comes from muscle and structural imbalance.

Prolonged sitting, poor posture, weak core muscles, and uneven load distribution lead to chronic pain. it’s part of a whole kinetic chain: foot → ankle, knee, hip → back. A problem anywhere (knee pain, stiff hips, abnormal gait, asymmetry) can cause back pain.

So what is nerve-related back pain?

The most common is sciatica.

Typical features: pain starts in the lower back and radiates to the buttock, thigh, and leg, usually on one side—often with numbness or an electric-like sensation.

Common causes include disc herniation or nerve root irritation (not always full compression).

Here is a frustrating fact: imaging does not equal symptoms.

Many people with severe MRI findings have no pain. Others with minimal findings can have significant pain.

Imaging is only a reference—not the cause. This is one reason back pain gives doctors headaches.

Why do doctors recommend conservative treatment first?

Because some back pain improves within a few weeks.

The usual approach:

1: Physical therapy
Core strengthening, posture correction, restoring movement, and gait training. Some patients also benefit from acupuncture.

If that fails:

2. Injections
Image-guided steroid injections or nerve blocks.

Step 3: Radiofrequency ablation
Helpful for certain facet joint pain.

When do we consider surgery?

clear nerve compression,
objective weakness or functional loss,
supporting imaging findings,
and failure of conservative treatment.

Even then, about 40–50% of patients may still have pain after surgery—because pain often has multiple sources.

So which specialty should you see?

Start with your primary care doctor. Many cases improve within a month and don’t need specialty care.

If symptoms persist:
? Radiating pain, numbness, or weakness, then Neurology or Neurosurgery
? Structural or joint-related pain. Orthopedics or Pain Management

But in many cases, Physical therapy is essential: Relax muscles (heat, massage), mprove posture, and restore core balance.
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