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These limits are typically expressed as?Maximum Limits (ML)?or?Action Levels?in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), which is equivalent to parts per million (ppm).
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Common Heavy Metal Limits for Seafood (Crustaceans/Shrimp)
Regulatory standards vary slightly by jurisdiction but generally fall within the following ranges for the edible portion of the product:
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| Heavy Metal | Codex / International Limit | European Union (EU) | U.S. FDA (Action Level) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | 0.5 mg/kg | 1.0 mg/kg | No specific ML for shrimp* |
| Cadmium (Cd) | 0.5 mg/kg | 0.5 mg/kg | No specific ML for shrimp* |
| Mercury (Hg) | 0.5 mg/kg (Methylmercury) | 0.5 mg/kg (Total Hg) | 1.0 mg/kg (Methylmercury) |
| Arsenic (As) | 0.1 - 0.5 mg/kg (Inorganic) | 10.0 mg/kg (Total) | N/A |
*While the U.S. FDA does not have a general numerical limit for lead and cadmium in all seafood, it uses "action levels" to remove adulterated products from the market.
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While heavy metal contamination is rarely the primary cause for recalls, other safety issues have impacted Costco's reputation for imported seafood:
- Radioactive Contamination (2025): In late 2025, a major recall occurred for shrimp from an Indonesian supplier (PT. Bahari Makmur Sejati) due to traces of?Cesium-137. While specific Kirkland lots were not always named, the FDA issued broad warnings to consumers regarding shrimp from this supplier.
- Antibiotic Concerns: Throughout 2024 and 2025, the FDA refused nearly?100 shipments?of Indian shrimp—a primary source for Costco—due to residues of banned antibiotics like nitrofurans and chloramphenicol.
- Listeria (Late 2025): Over 3,000 pounds of Kirkland Signature ready-to-eat seafood were?recalled due to Listeria risk?stemming from contaminated green onions.
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